The Magpies were handed home advantage in their all-Premier League tie as they look to keep alive their hopes of an incredible domestic double.
But the Seagulls will prove tough opponents for Eddie Howe’s side having already won once at St James’ Park this season.
Fabian Hürzeler’s side booked their place in the last 16 with a 2-1 home win over Chelsea on Saturday night.
The tie will be played on the first weekend in March, in between Newcastle’s Premier League games against Liverpool and West Ham and a fortnight before the Carabao Cup final against Liverpool.
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Eddie Howe’s side booked their place in the last 16 of the FA Cup with a hard-fought 3-2 win away at League One leaders Birmingham City on Saturday night.
A brace from Joe Willock and a returning goal from Callum Wilson secured Newcastle’s passage, just three days after the Magpies had booked a Carabao Cup final date against Liverpool.
Newcastle’s fifth round tie was one of four potential all-Premier League ties drawn in Monday night’s draw.
Manchester United are at home to Fulham, Bournemouth play Wolves and Nottingham Forest will host Ipswich if, as expected, they overcome Exeter City on Tuesday night.
Plymouth’s reward for beating Liverpool in the fourth round is a trip to face reigning Premier League champions Manchester City.
Aston Villa are at home to Cardiff, Preston play Burnley and Millwall were awaiting the winners of Monday night’s tie between Doncaster and Crystal Palace.