Mark Rutte, secretary general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), left, and U.S. President Donald Trump, during the NATO summit in The Hague, Netherlands, on Wednesday, June 25, 2025.
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NATO allies on Thursday agreed to more than double their defense spending target from 2% of gross domestic product to 5% by 2035, in the most decisive move from the alliance in over a decade.
In a joint declaration, the alliance said it was “united in the face of profound security threats and challenges,” in particular the long-term threat posed by Russia to Euro-Atlantic security and the “persistent threat” of terrorism.
“Allies commit to invest 5% of GDP annually on core defence requirements as well as defence-and security-related spending by 2035 to ensure our individual and collective obligations.,” it continued.
The 5% figure is made up of “at least” 3.5% of GDP that should be spent on “pure” defense, with the remainder going to security and defense-related “critical infrastructure” to ensure, the statement said, “our civil preparedness and resilience, unleash innovation, and strengthen our defence industrial base.”
Allies will be required to submit annual plans “showing a credible, incremental path to reach this goal,” NATO said, following pushback from some member states, particularly Spain.
Some member states have yet to meet the 2014 target to spend 2% of GDP on defense.
The historic move comes against a backdrop of tensions in the Middle East and ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia. Members have also been pushed to the new target after years of pressure across both terms of U.S. President Donald Trump for Washington’s Canadian and European allies to share more of the burden of collective defense.
The alliance on Wednesday also reaffirmed its “ironclad commitment to collective defence” as enshrined in Article 5 that an attack on one is an attack on all, following question marks over the U.S.’ reliability when it came to that central pillar of NATO.
“We remain united and steadfast in our resolve to protect our one billion citizens, defend the Alliance, and safeguard our freedom and democracy,” the statement read.
Addressing the summit, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte said the agreement would fuel a “quantum leap” in the alliance’s collective defense.
The deal would “not only increase our security but also create jobs,” Rutte continued, saying allies had made “significant commitments to meet significant threats.”
Allies recognised the severity of the threats facing the alliance, he said, and were “united in understanding that we need to step up to stay safe.”
He said President Trump had emphasized that America is committed to NATO but expects European allies and Canada to contribute more, “and that is exactly what we see them doing,” Rutte said.
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